What Is Amr Meaning And Purpose Of Amr

Meaning of AMR, AMR Information, WHO Guideline



Did you know about antimicrobial resistance a rising global concern? Health organisations across the globe are currently battling this threat. It requires urgent attention as the World Health Organisation has declared it as one of the top 10 global public health threats. If you are unaware of it, keep reading.

What is AMR?

The term antimicrobial resistance describes the ability of microorganisms to grow among drugs designed to fight against and kill those. Termed antimicrobials, these drugs are used to treat infectious, microorganism-caused diseases.
 
When these become resistant to antimicrobials, standard treatments become ineffective. In some cases, all drugs fail to work and provide effective solutions. Eventually, when all remedies fail, there is a gradual increase in illnesses and mortality.
 
Think about the current covid situation in China. While India has achieved a balance with only a few new cases coming up, the problem only keeps worsening in China. No treatments or vaccination is found to show any actual effect.

Worsening Impact

Antimicrobial resistance leads to worsened health conditions among humans, animals and other species. Along with that, it also affects agriculture with livelihood damage, production losses and threatens food security. Moreover, the spread of AMR can happen through varying hosts in the environment, and these microorganisms can lead to food chain contamination.
 
Whenever antimicrobials are used for people, plants and animals, germs acquire a rising chance for tolerance for treatments. As a result, they become resistant, and the treatments lose effectiveness over time.
As an increasing concern, antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat. Its implications also harm food safety and the economic well-being of farmers. 
 
Several factors come into play to influence the use of antimicrobials in animal and plant production. These include:
 
  • Limited access to health experts for animal and plant welfare with limitations in support and training.
  • The burden of otherwise preventable diseases through modification
  • Lack of regulation on the use of antimicrobial drugs
  • Use of falsified microbial drugs
  • Lack of awareness of practices.

Purpose of AMR in agriculture

Antimicrobials play a vital role in treating diseases of animals and plants involved in food production. This needs to be ensured to help with food security. In addition, these drugs are used to treat already affected animals to control further spread.
 
In some cases, antimicrobial substances are appointed for treating plant diseases. Additionally, these are also used to prevent the anticipated infections prophylactically. In the past, the same was done by adding low concentrations of antimicrobials to animal feed to stimulate growth. However, with time, this practice has been vehemently opposed and discouraged. 
 
Projections show a rise in the demand for antimicrobial use in agriculture. However, substantial modifications in production practices are required to reduce this need. 

AMR in India

Unfortunately, India tops the list of nations facing the highest bacterial infection burden. As a result, the crude mortality rate from infectious diseases is rising and increasing the number of child deaths. The FSSAI has also banned using several pharmacologically active fisheries substances and antibiotics. 

Prevention of AMR in India

Indeed, the threat cannot be battled that quickly, but as it is said, prevention is better than cure. Therefore, these points can be taken into consideration:
 
  • The WHO has released guidelines to regulate the use of each class of drugs to treat the 21 most common infections.
  • Commitment from Medical associations and the Governments is also a must for tackling the antibiotic crisis.
  • Practise implementation of the formulation issued by the Indian Health Ministry to control the sales of antibiotics.
  • Reduction in the unnecessary usage of antibiotics by people and agriculture.
  • Avoiding the usage of antibiotics for growth promotion in livestock farming.
  • Practise better hygiene and ensure the availability of clean water to keep the prevention of infections in check.
  • Checking and improvement of the surveillance capacity for better regulation.
  • Implement steps to speed up the adoption of better diagnostics in hospitals, pharmacies and clinics.
Also Read: Why Consult a Cardiologist? What do they do? 

Causes of AMR

While AMR develops naturally, some actions can increase the resistance to development and spread. This can happen when:

  • Overprescription of antibiotics takes place
  • When antibiotics are not consumed as instructed
  • Poor hygiene practices that hinder prevention
  • Increased travel leading to bacterial spread
Several bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics when they turn on specific internal processes for resistance, change in nature to protect themselves and receive immune genes from other bacteria.

India’s Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance

The country released its action plan back in 2017, 2 years after the release, the WHO declared the global action plan. Post that, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh released their state-level action plans.
 
These aim to implement effective combating of antimicrobial resistance in the country.

Objectives of the plan

The national action plan for antimicrobial resistance aims to:

  1. Define timelines and allocate budgets to restrict the emergence of AMR in the country. Additionally, it also seeks to strengthen organisational coordination.
  2. Strengthening the surveillance with optimised use of antibiotics across sectors with increased investments.
  3. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the National Action plan.

Strategic Priorities

  1. Improved awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance through effective training, communication and education
  2. Knowledge strengthening with adequate evidence
  3. Reduction in infections through effective prevention and control
  4. Optimised use of antimicrobial agents in animals, food and health
  5. Promotion of investments for the research, innovations and activities of AMR.
  6. Strengthening the country’s leadership on AMR.
While the World Health Organisation and several other bodies come together to keep a check on the rise and spread of AMR, it is in the hands of each individual to do their part and contribute to the prevention. Each day, we must take mindful steps leading to the greater good. Besides that, mindfully practise sharing information for better awareness and help combat the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.







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